What is the measured temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation across the observable sky?
Answer
2.725 Kelvin
The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation, which is the faint afterglow from the early universe, exhibits an incredibly uniform temperature reading throughout all space. Precision measurements consistently find this temperature to be approximately 2.725 Kelvin. This measurement is taken by pointing a thermometer across the entire sky, toward dense regions like the Milky Way plane, or toward seemingly empty voids, yielding essentially the same result. The variation from this average is extremely small, less than one part in 100,000, which highlights its remarkable thermal consistency.
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