What causes the star's surface temperature to drop significantly during the Red Giant phase?

Answer

The massive output of energy spreads across a much larger surface area

As the vast amount of energy generated by shell burning is spread across a much larger surface area due to expansion, the temperature of the star's surface drops significantly, causing it to glow reddish.

What causes the star's surface temperature to drop significantly during the Red Giant phase?
evolutionsunhydrogenstarexpansion