What balance maintains the Sun's stable size during its main-sequence phase?
Answer
Hydrostatic equilibrium
The Sun maintains its current physical dimensions through a state known as hydrostatic equilibrium. This critical condition defines stability for main-sequence stars and involves a precise balance between two immense opposing forces: the inward crushing force of gravity, driven by the star's massive self-weight, and the outward thermal pressure generated by the intense heat and energy released from sustained nuclear fusion occurring in the core. As long as the star continues to convert hydrogen into helium efficiently in its core, this equilibrium holds, resulting in a steady, reliable stream of energy output over vast timescales.
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