The discovery of bodies orbiting Jupiter provided evidence directly challenging which established cosmological framework?

Answer

The geocentric, Ptolemaic universe

Galileo's observation provided concrete, visual evidence that celestial bodies orbited something other than the Earth, striking a direct and powerful blow against the long-dominant geocentric, Ptolemaic universe. This established view held that everything in the heavens, by definition, orbited the Earth, and that the heavens were composed of immutable, perfect spheres. Seeing a miniature solar system operating around Jupiter demonstrated that orbital mechanics existed elsewhere, thereby undermining the fundamental premise of the Earth-centered view that had underpinned educated European thought for centuries. This technological leap forced a massive intellectual reckoning regarding humanity's place in the cosmos.

The discovery of bodies orbiting Jupiter provided evidence directly challenging which established cosmological framework?
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