On what primary basis do astronomers classify different categories of nebulae?

Answer

How they interact with light

The diverse forms of nebulae are classified by astronomers based on how they interact with the light emanating from nearby stars. This interaction dictates their visibility and function within the cosmos. For example, Emission Nebulae glow via ionization, Reflection Nebulae scatter light, and Dark Nebulae are defined by blocking light from objects positioned behind them. This classification scheme directly relates the visual manifestation of the object to its underlying physical processes.

On what primary basis do astronomers classify different categories of nebulae?
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