In massive stars, what elements primarily result from the fusion of Carbon nuclei?
Answer
Neon, Sodium, and Magnesium
Stellar element synthesis proceeds in distinct, successive stages within massive stars, resembling the peeling of an onion structure where the product of one reaction becomes the fuel for the next stage in the core. After helium fuses primarily into Carbon and Oxygen, the core temperature rises further, igniting the fusion of Carbon. When Carbon nuclei undergo fusion, they generate a mix of heavier products, specifically Neon, Sodium, and Magnesium. This process continues rapidly, with each subsequent stage (Neon fusion, Oxygen fusion, etc.) lasting for progressively shorter durations as the core heats up and shrinks further.
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