How do electrodynamic tethers generate directional force without expending stored propellant mass?

Answer

By deploying long conductive wires that interact with the Earth's magnetic field to create a Lorentz force

Electrodynamic tethers exploit the interaction between the magnetic field and the electrical current induced in the conductor to produce a gentle thrust or drag force.

How do electrodynamic tethers generate directional force without expending stored propellant mass?

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Satellites That Scoop Air And Use It As Propellant - YouTube

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