Core temperatures, unlike surface measurements, are derived primarily from what basis?
Answer
Complex astrophysical models
While surface temperatures are directly observable via the light spectrum emitted by the photosphere, core temperatures cannot be measured directly with a stellar thermometer. Instead, these internal thermal conditions are inferred through complex astrophysical models. These theoretical frameworks rely on established principles of stellar structure and evolution theory, linking observable properties like mass and surface energy output (luminosity) to the required internal pressure and temperature necessary to maintain hydrostatic equilibrium against the star's own gravitational collapse.

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