Which disaster stands as the most recent major in-flight catastrophic breakup detailed?

Answer

Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003.

Based on the historical accounts provided, the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster on February 1, 2003, represents the most recent event involving a catastrophic in-flight breakup and complete loss of the vehicle during a mission phase. Since no subsequent, equivalent loss of this nature has been documented in these records, the Columbia accident serves as the later bookend to the Space Shuttle era's greatest challenges regarding structural integrity during flight.

Which disaster stands as the most recent major in-flight catastrophic breakup detailed?

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