What specific factor, measurable on Earth, would serve as nearly irrefutable evidence of past metabolic activity?

Answer

Isotopes of carbon being heavily skewed toward the lighter isotope, C12.

If the Earth-based analysis shows the isotopes of carbon are significantly skewed toward C12, this is described as a telltale sign indicating metabolic activity associated with past biology.

What specific factor, measurable on Earth, would serve as nearly irrefutable evidence of past metabolic activity?
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