What specific elements, such as iron and thorium, identified via orbiters, provide clues about the Moon's differentiation in the SPA region?

Materials providing clues about the differentiation processes that occurred when the Moon first formed

Data gathered from orbital reconnaissance around the South Pole-Aitken Basin (SPA) has allowed scientists to identify specific rock and material compositions on the basin floor, including the presence of elements such as iron and thorium. These identified materials are crucial because they are thought to have originated from deep within the Moon's subsurface layers, exposed by the massive impact event. Analyzing the distribution and abundance of these specific elements provides vital constraints and clues regarding the large-scale chemical differentiation processes—the separation of materials by density—that took place during the Moon's initial formation and solidification stages.