What relationship is plotted on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram concerning temperature and brightness?
Answer
Hotter stars cluster along the diagonal band where they are intrinsically brighter
The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram connects surface temperature and absolute brightness, revealing evolutionary stages. Most stars congregate along a diagonal band termed the main sequence. On this specific sequence, the correlation between temperature and intrinsic brightness is direct and positive: stars positioned toward the hotter (left) side of the main sequence are also intrinsically more luminous (brighter). Stars that have evolved away from this sequence, such as giants or white dwarfs, occupy distinct regions reflecting their altered size and temperature profiles.
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