What range of temperature extremes must habitats withstand during a full lunar day/night cycle?
Answer
Around $260^ ext{F}$ to $-280^ ext{F}$
Due to the lack of atmospheric buffering, the lunar surface experiences scorching heat around $260^ ext{F}$ during the long day, followed by extended periods of deep cold plummeting to $-280^ ext{F}$ during the long night.
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