What maneuver is performed while a spacecraft is still in orbit to begin the return to Earth?
Answer
Executing a deorbit burn firing engines backward (retrograde)
The controlled descent is initiated by executing a deorbit burn, which involves firing the rocket engines in the retrograde (backward) direction to slightly reduce velocity and drop the trajectory out of stable orbit.

#Videos
Astronauts Return To Earth From the ISS. Undocking and Landing
How do astronauts return to Earth? [with Closed Captions] - YouTube
How Space X Crew 10 Transfer & Return to Earth Works? - YouTube
Related Questions
What is the approximate orbital velocity astronauts maintain for Low Earth Orbit missions?What maneuver is performed while a spacecraft is still in orbit to begin the return to Earth?What causes the superheated plasma sheath surrounding a spacecraft during high-speed reentry?How do ablative heat shields, like those on Soyuz and Crew Dragon, protect the crew compartment?What is a risk if the angle of attack during reentry is too shallow?What is the typical range of peak G-loads experienced by astronauts in capsules during ballistic reentry?How did the retired Space Shuttle manage deceleration to result in generally lower peak G-loads compared to capsules?What specific mechanism cushions the final impact for the Soyuz capsule during its land landing?What is the role of the drogue parachutes in the multi-staged deployment sequence for capsules?What design philosophy is reflected in the use of ablative shields for capsules like Soyuz and Dragon?