What is the second major hurdle, independent of distance, for measuring the proper motion of a distant star?

Answer

The sheer amount of time needed for observation spanning years or decades

Even if distance were known, significant angular travel must accumulate to rise above measurement noise. This necessitates observation campaigns lasting many years, potentially decades, to achieve reliable results for distant targets.

What is the second major hurdle, independent of distance, for measuring the proper motion of a distant star?
measurementastronomyDistancestarmotion