What is the estimated distance threshold within which a supernova poses a significant ozone depletion risk to Earth?
Answer
50 to 100 light-years
When assessing the immediate danger posed by nearby stellar explosions, the critical factor for atmospheric damage, such as ozone layer stripping, relates to the proximity of the blast. While the supernova of Betelgeuse at about 642.5 light-years away is considered merely a spectacular visual event for Earth, the theoretical danger zone where X-rays and high-energy particles could significantly erode the ozone layer is estimated to be much closer. This critical safety perimeter is thought to lie within the range of 50 to 100 light-years. A hypernova occurring within this limited range would pose the apex threat by combining general radiation damage with a focused, beam-like GRB.
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