How does the supergiant phase lifespan contrast with the giant phase lifespan of a lower-mass star?

Answer

The supergiant phase lasts only a few million years, much shorter than the hundreds of millions of years for a lower-mass giant phase

The rate at which a star consumes its available nuclear fuel is directly related to its mass, due to the overwhelming gravitational pressure driving core temperatures higher in massive stars. A Sun-like star, after leaving the main sequence, spends hundreds of millions of years working through the relatively slower process of helium fusion during its giant phase. In stark contrast, high-mass stars destined to become supergiants burn through their heavy element fuel reserves at an exponentially higher rate. This frantic energy generation means that their entire supergiant existence—from blue to red stages—is a fleeting event in cosmic time, often lasting only a few million years before reaching the iron core stage and subsequent collapse. This rapid consumption is a direct consequence of supporting an immensely massive structure.

How does the supergiant phase lifespan contrast with the giant phase lifespan of a lower-mass star?

#Videos

How Do Stars Become Red Giants Or Supergiants? - Physics Frontier

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