Which geographical factors must be known to calculate the Sun's position in the local sky?

Answer

Precise geographical location (latitude and longitude)

To give an exact answer for the Sun's position in the local sky (altitude and azimuth), one must specify the precise geographical location on Earth, which includes latitude and longitude, along with the exact time and date.

Which geographical factors must be known to calculate the Sun's position in the local sky?
locationsunastronomysolar system