Which agencies, besides NASA, train and certify individuals who are referred to as astronauts?

European Space Agency (ESA), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

The certification for the title of astronaut extends beyond the United States' NASA to include its major international partners involved in space programs. Specifically, individuals trained and certified by the European Space Agency (ESA), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) are all referred to as astronauts. When a trainee from one of these partner agencies successfully completes the training regimen, which is often NASA-led, they receive the astronaut title from their respective home agency, reinforcing the Western bloc's shared nomenclature.