What typically happens to spent boosters and upper stages from launch vehicles after achieving orbit?

Answer

They become part of the orbital debris population unless intentionally de-orbited.

The multi-stage rockets used to achieve escape velocity typically shed their components, which then enter the orbital debris population unless specific measures are taken to de-orbit them.

What typically happens to spent boosters and upper stages from launch vehicles after achieving orbit?
Spaceexplorationrocketssatellitesspacecraftlaunch