What is the approximate mass of water and carbon dioxide needing import for Mars's Earth-pressure atmosphere?
Answer
10^19 kilograms
Achieving a truly Earth-like atmospheric pressure, estimated around 1000 hPa, on Mars requires substantial material import, even after addressing the magnetic field issue. Calculations suggest that to provide the necessary volatiles—specifically water and carbon dioxide—the required amount of material transport is immense. This logistical and engineering challenge necessitates bringing in material equivalent to $10^{19}$ kilograms of these essential components, potentially sourced from the distant outer Solar System, such as the vast reservoirs found within the Kuiper Belt.
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