What is required, besides visible galaxies, to provide the mass needed to bind fast-moving galaxies in a rich cluster like Virgo?
Answer
Ten times that mass in hot, X-ray-emitting gas and another ten times that amount in dark matter.
To keep the fast-moving galaxies from flying apart in a rich cluster, the structure must contain about ten times the mass of the visible galaxies in hot, X-ray-emitting gas, and *another* ten times that amount in dark matter.
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