What factor causes the most massive galaxies across all types to generally stop forming stars relatively early in cosmic history?

Answer

Gravitational pressure and feedback mechanisms leading to gas exhaustion

Very massive galaxies deplete their star-forming gas reserves faster than smaller ones. This exhaustion is driven by the strong internal gravitational pull and feedback effects, such as supernovae driving gas out of the system.

What factor causes the most massive galaxies across all types to generally stop forming stars relatively early in cosmic history?
galaxiesastronomystarsstellar evolutiongalaxy types