What common mechanism is cited as flinging a star out of a galaxy's main gravitational well?

Close gravitational interactions involving systems like the three-body problem

The ejection of stars into intergalactic space is described as a direct consequence of dynamic and violent gravitational history within galaxies. A common and crucial mechanism detailed involves close gravitational encounters, frequently modeled using stellar dynamics concepts like the three-body problem. In this scenario, a binary system encountering a third massive object (like another star or a black hole) can undergo a chaotic interaction that imparts sufficient momentum to one of the original stars, effectively slingshotting it clear of the galaxy's primary gravitational influence and into the space between galaxies. This is visualized as a 'cosmic billiards shot' where the energy exchange leads to the ejection.