Regarding the mass of exhaust produced for the same thrust, how does the $ ext{CO}_2$ output of a $ ext{LOX}/ ext{Methane}$ engine compare to a $ ext{LOX}/ ext{Kerosene}$ engine?
Answer
The $ ext{LOX}/ ext{Methane}$ engine produces slightly more $ ext{CO}_2$ mass
A $ ext{LOX}/ ext{Methane}$ engine produces roughly $1.1$ to $1.2$ times the mass of $ ext{CO}_2$ compared to a $ ext{LOX}/ ext{Kerosene}$ engine for the same thrust, due to factors like methane's lower molecular weight.
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