In the ecliptic coordinate system, what measures the angular distance perpendicular to the ecliptic plane?

Answer

Ecliptic latitude ($\beta$ or $b$)

Ecliptic latitude is measured perpendicular to the ecliptic plane, ranging from $+90^\circ$ to $-90^\circ$, while ecliptic longitude measures position along the circle.

In the ecliptic coordinate system, what measures the angular distance perpendicular to the ecliptic plane?
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