How are interstellar objects, like 3I/2019 Borisov, distinguished by their orbital path relative to the Sun?
Answer
They move at hyperbolic speeds resulting in an open trajectory
Interstellar objects represent a unique category because they do not originate within our solar system and are not gravitationally tethered to the Sun. Their distinguishing feature is their immense relative speed, described as hyperbolic. This speed means their trajectory is an open path, an unbound arc that will eventually carry the object permanently out of the solar system. Confirmation of this hyperbolic velocity via precise orbital mechanics calculations is necessary to classify a visitor as interstellar rather than a typical member of our solar system family.
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