During which violent solar events are highly accelerated Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) most notably ejected?
Answer
Solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs)
Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) represent a more dramatic emission compared to the steady solar wind. These are clouds of particles that have been highly accelerated to very high energies. Their ejection is strongly associated with specific, violent transient events occurring on the Sun. The most notable occurrences responsible for launching these highly charged, accelerated particles into space are solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). These events lead to a sudden, high flux of energetic particles posing a radiation hazard to spacecraft and astronauts, distinguishing them from the more predictable, lower-energy solar wind plasma.
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