Before the modern formalization, how was the AU definition historically based?

Answer

On the *average* separation due to Earth's elliptical orbit.

Historically, since Earth's orbit is elliptical, the distance varied between perihelion (closer) and aphelion (farther), so the definition relied on the average separation.

Before the modern formalization, how was the AU definition historically based?
measurementSpaceastronomyastronomical unit