What causes the dark patches visible within the glowing band of the Milky Way?
Answer
Thick clouds of interstellar dust
The dark patches seen within the bright band of the Milky Way are caused by dense concentrations of interstellar dust. These clouds are significant enough to physically obstruct the light traveling from the stars positioned behind them. When viewing the galaxy along the plane of its disk, these clouds create visible dark voids and irregularities, breaking up the continuous, soft glow of the millions of distant stars that make up the galactic band.

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