What distinction does the text suggest is more core than 'hard' versus 'soft' when evaluating fields like astronomy?

Answer

Experimental versus observational fields.

The text argues that the core operational difference for fields like astronomy is whether their data collection relies on direct experimentation or passive observation across large scales, rather than the philosophical label of 'hard' or 'soft'.

What distinction does the text suggest is more core than 'hard' versus 'soft' when evaluating fields like astronomy?
classificationastronomysciencehard science