Why is Xenon the preferred working fluid due to its physical characteristics?
Answer
It possesses high mass, which makes the process of ionization easier to achieve
Xenon is chosen as the primary working fluid in ion propulsion systems because of specific characteristics that optimize the ionization and acceleration stages. Specifically, Xenon has a high atomic mass compared to lighter inert gases. This higher mass aids engineers because it is easier to knock an electron off a heavier atom to create a positive ion, which is the necessary precursor state before the electric field can accelerate the particle to create thrust. Additionally, its inert nature prevents unwanted chemical reactions inside the engine components.
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