Issues articles

How much did the edges of Hubble's primary mirror deviate from the required curvature?

How much did the edges of Hubble's primary mirror deviate from the required curvature?

What specific optical defect resulted from the mirror edges being ground too flat?

What specific optical defect resulted from the mirror edges being ground too flat?

Which contractor held the primary responsibility for grinding the flawed primary mirror assembly?

Which contractor held the primary responsibility for grinding the flawed primary mirror assembly?

What key hardware installed during SM1 acted as corrective eyeglasses for the telescope?

What key hardware installed during SM1 acted as corrective eyeglasses for the telescope?

What impact did the primary mirror flaw have on Hubble's expected clarity?

What impact did the primary mirror flaw have on Hubble's expected clarity?

In which month and year was the crucial first servicing mission (SM1) carried out?

In which month and year was the crucial first servicing mission (SM1) carried out?

What specialized device, used to check the mirror's shape during manufacturing, was implicated in the failure to catch the error?

What specialized device, used to check the mirror's shape during manufacturing, was implicated in the failure to catch the error?

What subsequent operational complexity was introduced by installing COSTAR?

What subsequent operational complexity was introduced by installing COSTAR?

Which objects could scientists still observe with some success even before the mirror was corrected?

Which objects could scientists still observe with some success even before the mirror was corrected?

What ongoing environmental challenge did the telescope's temperature control systems need to manage?

What ongoing environmental challenge did the telescope's temperature control systems need to manage?

What distinguished the Omega Speedmaster during NASA's initial qualification process in the early 1960s?

What distinguished the Omega Speedmaster during NASA's initial qualification process in the early 1960s?

What was the primary role of the Speedmaster during the era it was qualified?

What was the primary role of the Speedmaster during the era it was qualified?

What characteristic defined the specific Speedmaster reference that achieved initial flight qualification?

What characteristic defined the specific Speedmaster reference that achieved initial flight qualification?

What critical contingency value does the hand-wound Speedmaster retain on contemporary missions?

What critical contingency value does the hand-wound Speedmaster retain on contemporary missions?

Which specific movement is often referenced when detailing the watch worn by astronauts on the Moon?

Which specific movement is often referenced when detailing the watch worn by astronauts on the Moon?

What is the core distinction when querying whether NASA actively issues the watch today?

What is the core distinction when querying whether NASA actively issues the watch today?

What was a common practice for astronauts regarding watch provision early in the space program?

What was a common practice for astronauts regarding watch provision early in the space program?

What might the current issue Speedmaster potentially feature if supplied under a modern agreement?

What might the current issue Speedmaster potentially feature if supplied under a modern agreement?

What element of the initial testing process has ensured the Speedmaster maintains a high level of trust compared to other modern chronographs?

What element of the initial testing process has ensured the Speedmaster maintains a high level of trust compared to other modern chronographs?

How do contemporary ISS missions typically handle timekeeping references compared to the Apollo era?

How do contemporary ISS missions typically handle timekeeping references compared to the Apollo era?