Recycling articles
What is the targeted water recovery rate from sources like urine and sweat on the ISS?
What is the primary logistical driver mandating near-total water recycling in space?
Which specific hardware component is central to the system for processing liquid waste like urine?
What core technique is used within the Urine Processor Assembly (UPA) to separate water vapor from contaminants?
What advantage does using vacuum distillation in the UPA offer regarding energy use?
What substances remain behind as a concentrated slurry after the water vaporizes in the UPA?
What processes are used to clean the water vapor after it leaves the distillation stage?
How does the purity of the recycled water typically compare to ordinary tap water on Earth?
What is the source of the humidity captured by the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS)?
What might a typical mixture of drinking water consist of when consumed by astronauts, according to reports?
Approximately how much does it cost to launch one pound of cargo to the International Space Station (ISS)?
What is the target water recovery rate NASA aims for during future transits to Mars?
What system is responsible for handling the entire process of reclaiming liquid resources aboard the ISS?
What primary method does the Urine Processor Assembly (UPA) use to separate water from contaminants in urine?
What is the concentrated liquid byproduct created after the initial distillation step performed by the UPA?
Which module was specifically implemented to extract residual water from the concentrated urine brine byproduct?
After purification checks in the WPA, what chemical is used to treat the recycled water before storage to prevent microbial growth?
What is the specific function of the catalytic reactor stage within the Water Processor Assembly (WPA)?
What were the typical water recovery rates achieved before engineers pushed past them to reach the 98 percent target?
What are the three main sources of moisture that enter the ISS water recycling system?